The identity tower · the atrium

Identity theft: the tower, floor by floor

This is the entrance to the identity theft tower. If an account of yours is being used by somebody else right now, do not read the atrium — go to the recovery wing and start at the top of it.

This building covers the moment somebody stops stealing your data and starts using it. That is a different problem from a breach, and it needs different actions in a different order. The floors are arranged the way the damage actually spreads: the account they took first, the accounts that account can reset, the money, and then the slow paperwork of proving you are still you.

The single most useful thing on this whole floor is an order of operations, and it surprises people. The mailbox comes before the bank. Whoever controls your email can reset everything else you own, so a bank password changed while somebody still holds the mailbox is a wasted hour. Every recovery floor above starts from that same principle.

The second most useful thing is knowing which of these problems has a deadline. Card fraud, unauthorised transfers and new credit opened in your name are all governed by rules that give you a window and then close it. The floors say what the window is and where it comes from, rather than telling you to act fast without saying why.

Three levels, and you are on the first. The atrium lists the floors; a floor covers one subject completely and holds the shorter guides underneath it. Nothing here is more than three clicks from the front door.

There is one more thing worth saying at the door, because it affects whether people act at all. Almost everybody who arrives in this building feels foolish, and almost nobody should. The routes into an identity are overwhelmingly not clever: a password that appeared in a breach somewhere else, a support agent at a phone shop who was talked into moving a number, a recovery question answered with a fact that is printed on a public profile. None of that requires a mistake on your part, and the shame that follows it is the single biggest reason people wait a week before telling their bank — which is the one delay that genuinely costs money. Every floor in this tower is written to be read and acted on the same hour, by somebody who is embarrassed and would rather not be reading it.

Where to start

Six ways in. The first three are happening now; the last three are afterwards.

“Someone is posting from my Instagram.”
Go to stolen accounts
“My phone lost signal and then accounts started changing.”
That is a SIM swap, in the phone number
“There are transactions I did not make.”
Start at money and credit
“Someone opened an account in my name.”
The freeze floors are in money and credit
“Someone is pretending to be me online.”
That is impersonation
“How do I stop this happening again?”
The last floor of impersonation

Stolen accounts

One floor per platform, because the recovery route is different on each and the official one is rarely the first thing a search engine offers you.

Email accountThe one that comes before everything else, and the settings an attacker changes first.Being built
InstagramInstagram hacked: the official recovery route, and the many fake ones waiting around it.Being built
FacebookFacebook hacked: recovery when the address and number on the account are no longer yours.Being built
WhatsApp and messagingGetting an account back, and warning the people already being messaged from it.Being built
What they change firstForwarding rules, recovery addresses, connected apps — the quiet edits that keep them in.Being built

The phone number

The attack that makes every other defence collapse, because the number is what so many services use to prove you are you.

SIM swapWhat it is, how somebody arranges it, and the first sign that it has happened.Being built
Protecting the numberWhat to ask your operator for, in the words they will recognise.Being built
Moving off SMS codesWhich accounts to switch first, and what to switch them to.Being built
Is my phone hacked?What that usually turns out to mean, and the far smaller set of cases where it is literal.Being built

Money and credit

The floors with deadlines attached. Each one names the rule that gives you the window, so you know what you are entitled to ask for rather than hoping.

Card fraudWho carries the loss, how long you have to report it, and what to say when you call.Being built
Credit freezeWhat a freeze does, where it is free by law, and why it beats monitoring.Being built
Credit opened in your nameThe paperwork that undoes it, and the order that makes it go faster.Being built
Identity theft protection servicesWhat the subscriptions actually do, and which parts you can do yourself for nothing.Being built

Impersonation

When nothing was stolen at all and somebody is simply pretending to be you. It is a different problem with different remedies, it is slower to resolve than anything else in this tower, and the platforms are markedly less helpful about it.

Fake profilesReporting one so that it is actually removed, and what evidence to keep first.Being built
Someone using your photosFinding where they appear, and the routes that get them taken down.Being built
StalkerwareWhen the person with access lives with you, and why the technical answer is not the first one.Being built
Hardening everything afterThe half hour that makes the next attempt fail, done once and left alone.Being built

What this tower will not do

It will not sell you identity theft protection. Those subscriptions sit at the top of every search here and they are enormously profitable; the floors explain plainly which of their features are genuinely useful, which are free elsewhere, and which are simply a monthly charge for watching something you could watch yourself.

It will not tell you to call a number found in a search result. In this category, the paid results above the official recovery pages are frequently the second attack, arriving while you are frightened. Every floor here links to the platform’s own documented route and nowhere else.

And it will not treat the stalkerware floor as a technical problem with a technical answer. Where the person with access to a device lives in the same house, removing the software can make things worse rather than better, and that floor says so first and links to people whose job this actually is.

On sourcing: where a floor states a deadline or an entitlement — how long you have to report a fraudulent transaction, whether a credit freeze costs anything — it names the rule or the regulator it comes from, and the country it applies in. Those rules differ enormously between jurisdictions and a page that states one of them as though it were universal is worse than no page at all. What holds instead is simple: every floor links to the platform’s own recovery route, and no floor carries an affiliate link.

Written by Alberto Gulotta

Founder and editor of AI Tools Primer, writing from Palermo, Italy. Thirty-five years of taking computers apart, starting with a Commodore 64 — the long version is on the about page.

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