← Back to the Upside Down

The VPN tower · the atrium

VPN: the whole tower, floor by floor

This is the entrance to the VPN tower. Nothing is argued down here. The atrium exists to show you what the building holds, and to put you on the right floor in one click.

The tower is arranged the way the question actually arrives. Some people come holding a name somebody told them to buy. Some come with a device they cannot get connected, or that stopped working the moment they connected it. Some come with a word they read in an article and did not understand — kill switch, DNS leak, split tunnelling. And some come because a bank, an employer or a country has made the decision for them. Those are four different needs and they do not share an answer, so they do not share a floor.

Everything above is written under the same two rules. A claim about a service is quoted from that service's own page, with the date we read it, because prices and policies change and an undated claim rots quietly. And no floor ranks anything until we have paid for the accounts out of our own pocket and used them for two weeks — this is the single most commission-driven category on the consumer internet, and the fastest way to be worth reading in it is to have nothing to sell.

Three levels, and you are on the first. This atrium lists the floors; a floor is a full guide to one thing and holds the smaller guides that belong to it; those are the pages that answer a single question in a few minutes. Nothing on this island is more than three clicks from the front door, and every floor links back here, so you can never end up somewhere with no way of telling where you are.

Where to start

Four ways in. Pick the sentence that sounds like the reason you are here.

“Somebody told me to get NordVPN.”
Start with the provider floors in the services
“It will not connect on my phone / my TV / my router.”
Go straight to by device
“What is a VPN, and do I need one?”
Begin at the plain-language floors in the questions
“My VPN is on, but is it actually working?”
The checks live in the questions
“Someone said WireGuard is better. Better than what?”
That is the protocols

The services

One floor per provider. Each one answers the same four questions in the same order, so the floors can be read against each other: what it says it does, what it says it keeps, who checked that claim, and what it costs on the day we looked.

Proton VPNWhat the company publishes about its plans and its logging, read on its own pages and dated.Being built
MullvadHow the account and the payment work, quoted from their pricing page rather than from memory.Being built
NordVPNThe most advertised name there is, read with no commission attached to the reading.Being built
SurfsharkWhat the plan says it covers, and what the small print says about the second year.Being built
ExpressVPNWhat the company claims for itself, and which of those claims can be checked by anybody.Being built
WindscribeHow the service is structured for people who do not want a single fixed plan.Being built
IVPNA small provider that publishes unusual positions about how VPNs are marketed.Being built
The ones you already haveThe VPNs bundled inside browsers, phone contracts and antivirus suites, and what they cover.Being built

The protocols

What is actually carrying your traffic. These floors exist because "military-grade encryption" is marketing and the protocol name is not — it is the one technical fact on a provider page you can look up yourself.

WireGuardWhy the industry moved to it, what it does well, and the one thing it does not solve.Being built
OpenVPNThe older option that runs everywhere, and the situations where it is still the right pick.Being built
IKEv2 and the restWhat a phone falls back to when it changes network, and the proprietary ones worth questioning.Being built

By device

A VPN is not one installation, it is one for every thing you own, and they behave differently. These floors get it working, and then prove that it is working.

iPhone and iPadSetting up a VPN for iPhone and iPad: the permission prompt, always-on, and apps that refuse a tunnel.Being built
AndroidPer-app tunnelling, blocking traffic when the VPN is down, and what it costs the battery.Being built
Windows and MacThe difference between the app and the browser extension, which catches out more people than anything else here.Being built
RouterA VPN router covers every device in the house at once, including the ones that stop working when it does.Being built
TV, console, Fire StickThe devices that have no app at all, and the three ways people work around that.Being built

The questions

What people type before they buy anything, answered on their own terms with no product attached. If you are not shopping, this is the wing you want.

What is a VPNThe tunnel drawn once, and the honest list of what changes and what does not.Being built
Free VPNsThe three ways a free service pays for its servers, and how to tell which one you are using.Being built
Kill switchWhat it is for, and the two-minute test that proves yours actually does it.Being built
DNS leaksHow your provider can still hold the list of everywhere you went with the tunnel up.Being built
Split tunnellingGenuinely useful, and the quickest way to believe you are covered when you are not.Being built
StreamingWhy it works one week and not the next, and why no provider can promise otherwise.Being built
Is it legal?Where it is ordinary, where it is restricted, and the thing it never makes legal.Being built
VPN or TorWhen a VPN is the wrong tool entirely, and what the right one looks like.Being built

What this tower will not do

It will not tell you the best VPN. Not yet, and not on the strength of a features table copied from a press release. The floors above describe what each service says about itself and who has checked it; a verdict needs accounts we paid for, two weeks of daily use, and a written account of what broke. When that exists it carries the date it was done.

It will not carry affiliate links. Not on any floor, not later, not discreetly. In a category where most recommendations are paid placements, that is not a moral position — it is the only way a recommendation here could mean anything.

And it will not pretend a VPN is anonymity. That distinction decides who should be reading this tower at all, and the floor that draws the line is the last one in the questions wing. If your requirement is genuinely that nobody can identify you, a VPN is not the building you want. What holds instead is simple: no rankings until we have paid for the accounts ourselves and used them for two weeks, and no affiliate links ever.

Written by Alberto Gulotta

Founder and editor of AI Tools Primer, writing from Palermo, Italy. Thirty-five years of taking computers apart, starting with a Commodore 64 — the long version is on the about page.

Something wrong on this page? Write to aitoolsprimer@gmail.com and it gets fixed.

Independence and limits

No affiliate links and no paid placements anywhere on this site. Nobody pays to appear here, and no company has seen this page before you did.

This is general information, not professional advice. Where a page touches money, health, safety or the law, it names its source and the date it was read — and your situation may still differ. See the privacy page and the cookie policy.